1. The Later Zhao (319-351) and Ran Wei (350-352)
(Qianzhao 前赵), Shi Le called himself Great Chieftain (大单于2. The Southern Liang (397-414)
As a leader of the Xianbi (鲜卑) people, Tufa Wugu (秃发乌孤) was able to break with the rulers of Later Liang (后凉) and proclaimed himself Great Chieftain